Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) Analysis

Web Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) Analysis Review Web Protocol rendition 6 (IPv6) is the up and coming age of convention characterized by InternetEngineering Task power (IETF) to supplant the leaving IPv4 convention. At present, most of Internet clients are as yet utilizing IPv4 convention, and given that a large portion of current systems administration applications and system gear run in IPv4 situations, the relocation from IPv4 to IPv6 cannot be practiced for the time being. It is unsurprising that the relocation will be a drawn out procedure (it is estimated that the procedure will take 10 20 years). During the movement, IPv4 and IPv6 will coincide in an equivalent system. This movement procedure presents new difficulties on the switches that are the center hardware in IP organize. Conventional switches cannot suit new future system with IPv4/v6 concurrence. The switches must be improved and overhauled with the goal that they can bolster both IPv4 and IPv6.Given that the center switch is significant and conveys immense Internet deals, it must have the option to help IPv6 sending at wire rate. It implies ASIC chip, however not programming is utilized to help IPv6 parcel handling. Simultaneously, it is significant that this help cannot forfeit any IPv4 execution. All things considered, the greater part of current deals is IPv4. The center switch must grow to help IPv6 steering tables and needs to help IPv6 directing conventions, for example, BGP4+, OSPFv3, ISISv6, RIPng and so on. It needs to help some relocation procedure from IPv4 to IPv6, for example, Tunnel, Dual Stack, Translation and so forth. Same the same number of system advancements, fruitful organization of IPv6 depends on the arrangement of the administrators IPv6 arrange. As one center part in IPv6 arrange, IPv6 center switch is vital to organize building, applications, execution and solidness. At present, standard switch sellers like Cisco and Juniper declare that their switches can bolster IPv6 while some customary IT gear makes, particularly those in Japan, think Internet update brought about by IPv6 will change the entire scene of switch advertise, which carries critical open doors for them to enter switch showcase. From 2000 to 2002, Hitachi, NEC and Fujitsu declared IPv6-fit center switch to increase some piece of the pie in new Internet organize. It must be conceded that IPv6 is still in the underlying stage at present, which is reflected in the accompanying angles: most IPv6 arrange is in preliminary stage, the quantity of access clients is low, conveyed IPv6 deals cannot be equivalent to IPv4, the interoperability between IPv6 hardware despite everything should be demonstrated, and organize engineers need involvement with huge scope organization and activity of IPv6 organize. The absence of information and experience is one of significant causes that make a few administrators need trust in IPv6 organize sending. Numerous administrators take sit back and watch perspectives. So as to demonstrate IPv6 switch (particularly IPv6 center switch), the help to IPv6, how are they performed and interoperated, give a handy information premise to the administrators to convey IPv6 organize and give a reference to hardware makes to assess and improve their gear, BII(Beijing Internet Institute) team up with 6TNet (IPv6 Telecom Trial Networ k) in China tried IPv6 center switches from 4 sellers (Fujitsu, Hitachi, Juniper and NEC) in Beijing from October to December 2002. BII performed convention conformance, execution andâ interoperability tests. In these tests, we utilized the test instruments gave by Agilent and got solid specialized help from Agilent. The test is anything but a relative exhibition test in various switch merchants. The reason for existing is to confirm the possibility of IPv6 sending. With this test, the test group imagines that all SUT (framework under test) can bolster business IPv6 arrange and give fundamental IPv6 capacities. They can bolster IPv6 directing conventions, bolster the sending of IPv6 datagram at wire rate and give interoperability between them. From points of view of unadulterated innovation, the test group thinks the items have been prepared to send fundamental IPv6 center system.. Brief Descriptions of Test The necessities for equipment gave by the SUT (framework under test) are as per the following: IPv6-skilled center switch OC48 SM ports (the two ports must be in various sheets) Supports both FE ports and GE ports. The quantity of FE ports and GE ports is no under 3 At long last, all sellers fundamentally meet those prerequisites, in spite of the fact that CX5210 gave by NEC doesnt bolster FE during the hour of testing. The prerequisite for IPv6 capacities gave by the SUT (framework under test) include: backing of IPv6 sending in equipment and backing of related IPv6 directing conventions and relocation methodology. At long last, all sellers meet our necessities as appeared in the accompanying table. Organization IPv6 hardwareDual Stack RIPng OSPFv3 BGP4+ IPv6 over IPv4 sending Tunnel Fujitsu 9 Hitachi 9 Juniper 9 NEC 9 The SUT (framework under test) models and OS renditions are appeared in the accompanying table. Organization Model Version Fujitsu Geostream R920 E10V02L03C44 Hitachi GR2000-20H S-9181-61 07-01 [ROUTE-OS6] Juniper M20 5.5R1.2 NEC CX5210 02.0(2e) 45.08.00 The test instruments we utilized in the test are as per the following: Agilent Router Tester 900 Rendition: Router Tester 5.1,Build 11.15. Agilent QA Robot Rendition: Router Tester 5.3,Build 5.2 The IPv6 center switch test is made out of three sections: Convention conformance test, interoperability test and IPv6 execution test. Essential IPv6 Protocols and RIPng Essential IPv6 conventions incorporate IPv6 Specification (RFC2460), ICMPv6 (RFC2463), Neighbor Discovery (RFC2461), Stateless Autoconfiguration (RFC2462), Path MTU Discovery (RFC1981), IPv6 address Architecture (RFC1884) and so on., which are fundamental capacities gave by an IPv6 usage. RIPng is characterized by RFC2080 and is the augmentation and development of RIPv2. Its essential abilities are same as RIPv2. The directing data traded by RIPng can convey IPv6 addresses and prefixes. RIPng runs on IPv6 organize, utilizes multicasting address ff02::9 as goal to move steering data. RIPng isn't perfect with RIPv2. Tear convention is commonly utilized in little systems and isn't conveyed in huge systems due to its adaptability and execution, which is same in IPv6 systems. The test does exclude fundamental IPv6 conventions and RIPng on the grounds that we think the two abilities are generally essential and most primer capacities that ought to be given in an IPv6 switch, these capacities are executed and interoperated very well in the switches from 4 sellers, and the 4 tried switches have been tried openly or non-freely a few times in various events and gave great information. Subsequently, we think it is pointless to put forth attempts to rehash these work and we skirted this test and concentrated on more tested test things. BGP4+ Protocol Conformance Test At present, the outer door convention utilized in the IPv4 organize is BGP4. Its essential conventions are characterized in RFC1771. So as to convey IPv6 arrange data in BGP4 refreshes, IETF has characterized an extraordinary property multi-convention BGP (MP-BGP), likewise called IPv6 NLRI (Network Layer Reachability Information) to trade IPv6 directing data, which is anything but another rendition of BGP convention, yet an expansion to BGP4. The expansion is for the most part called BGP4+, which is perfect with BGP4. Allude to RFC2545 for its definition. Test Purpose and Used Standards: Reason: To test the usage of BGP4+ and adjust with related guidelines for SUT (System Under Test). The accompanying principles are alluded in the test: Bates, T., Chandra, R., Katz, D. furthermore, Y. Rekhter, â€Å"Multiprotocol Extension for BGP-4†, RFC 2858, Jne 2000. Bates, T., Chandra, R., Chen, E., â€Å"BGP Route Reflection An Alternative to Full Mesh IBGP†, RFC2796, April 2000. Chandra, R. furthermore, J.Scudder, â€Å"Capabilities Advertisement with BGP-4†, RFC 2842, May 2000. Dupont, F. furthermore, P. Marques, â€Å"Use of BGP-4 Multiprotocol Extensions for IPv6 Inter-Domain Routing†, RFC 2545, March 1999. Rekhter, Y. furthermore, T. Li, â€Å"A Border Gateway Protocol 4 (BGP-4) †. Traina, P., McPherson, D., Scudder, J., â€Å"Autonomous System Confederations for BGP†, RFC3065, February 2001. Test Methods: All the tests depend on topology imitating. One test port of instrument right off the bat builds up arrange topology imitating, at that point executes pre-composed contents, cooperates with the port of SUT, performs related BGP4+ convention tests exclusively and each test produces Passed/Failed record. The tests can be isolated into dynamic tests and latent tests. Dynamic test implies the analyzer is utilized to check the state machine of SUT and the rightness of message position while aloof test implies the analyzer is utilized to meddle with SUT utilizing messages with blunders. Test Topology Test instrument and SUT utilize two free Fast Ethernet or Gigabit Ethernet associations. All BGP4+ runs on the Fast Ethernet or Gigabit Ethernet associations. The physical topology is as per the following: The consistent topology is as per the following: Test Items and Descriptions of Test Results: The BGP4+ convention conformance test includes in the BGP multi-convention expansion, arrangement and move of BGP4+ IBGP and EBGP meetings, capacity to get IPv6 course refreshes, BGP4+ next bounce, beginning stage, MED, nearby inclination, AS_PATH, iota total, network name and different properties, the capacity of SUT to effectively process these properties, BGP4+ course reflector ability, BGP4+ league ability. These tests can just guarantee execution of BGP4+protocol in SUT agree to the standard characterized by RFC, and cant guarantee SUT completely and effectively send BGP4+ courses in business IPv6 arrange. The accompanying outline quickly depicts the test outcomes. Connected table 1 incorporates all test things, portrayal and definite consequences of BGP4+ conformance tests for 4 switches. The test ite